Аналіз соціально-економічних ресурсів Житомирщини як факторів розвитку сільського туризму в регіоні

Abstract

Подана характеристика та аналіз соціально-економічних ресурсів Житомирської області з метою їх подальшого використання для покращення стану та можливості розвитку сільського зеленого туризму в регіоні. Було виявлено, що одним із соціально-економічних факторів розвитку сільського зеленого туризму є землезабезпеченість селян та низька їх зайнятість. Також низька прибутковість приватного сільського господарства, забезпеченість житловим фондом і проблеми із збутом продукції створюють передумови для пошуку альтернативних форм зайнятості населення у сільській місцевості, у тому числі і за рахунок сільського зеленого туризму.

Полесье, к которому относится и Житомирщина, является одним из потенциальных и благоприятных регионов для развития сельского туризма в Украине. Целью исследования была характеристика и анализ социально-экономических туристских ресурсов Житомирской области с целью применения этих факторов для улучшения состояния и возможности дальнейшего развития сельского туризма на территории Житомирской области. Было установлено, что сельский туризм может стать перспективным направлением предпринимательской деятельности в сельской местности региона. В отличие от массового туризма, сельский туризм не имеет вредного влияния на окружающую среду, и в то же время делает существенный вклад в региональное развитие. Он позволяет использовать существующий жилищный фонд и не требует значительных инвестиционных расходов. Параллельно с развитием основных услуг сельского туризма – обеспечение проживания и питание на базе агроусадеб и другие услуги (выпеканием хлеба, рыболовством, ужины при очаге, участием в полевых работах и праздновании), в сельских регионах смогут развиваются сопутствующие средства инфраструктуры, такие как заведения торговой сети, медицинские, банковские услуги и др.

Polissia where Zhytomyr region is located is one of the potential and hospitable regions for the development of a rural tourism in Ukraine. The aim of the research is the haracteristics and the analysis of social and economic tourist resources of Zhytomyr region in order to use these factors for the condition improvements and the opportunities of further development of a rural tourism on the territory of Zhytomyr region. This region belongs to the medium urbanized regions of Ukraine. Most of the population is concentrated in the central and southern parts of the region. The bulk of the population of the region lives here. The following patterns are observed in the distribution of rural settlements: the general predominance of settlements with a population from 250 to 1000 people; large settlements (with a population of more than 1000 inhabit-ants) prevail in the central and southern parts of the region; small rural settlements (with a population of up to 250 people) are concentrated mainly in the northern part of the region. It has been determined that a particularly negative trend is a decrease in the population employed in agriculture. Over the past three years, the share of the population employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries has decreased from 15.4% to 13.5% in the total occupational structure of the population in the region. Therefore, self-employment in the rural green tourism can be a solution for this problem. The agricultural sector is also unattractive enough for employees due to salary that is lower than in other sectors. Thus, the average salary in the agricultural sector as of 2017 is 5415 UAH that is more than 1.7 times less than the salary in the higher paid sectors of financial activity. Agriculture holds a leading place in the regional economy. Over recent years, there has been an increase in the production of gross farm output. In 2016 the agricultural production index compared to 2015 amounted to 115.7%, including agricultural enterprises, that is 126.0%, and food-producing population, that is 108.2%. At yearend 2016, the region moved into third place among other regions of the country in the gross farm output rate. A characteristic feature of the gricultural production of the region is high land availability. It is found that the majority of the rural population is not employed with agricultural enterprises, but it is engaged in the farm. This trend is associated with an uneven distribution of agricultural complexes and with a different population density in the region. An important concept for the development of a rural tourism is the availability of the proper residential accommodation in the rural areas, which is increasing due to the rapid pace of urbanization in the region. Over the past years a trend in increasing of the volume of a residential construction has appeared. Individual residential developers and property sales as a result of bulk urbanization provide the growth in residential construction in the region. It was found that the rural tourism can become a promising area of entrepreneurial activity in the countryside of the region. Compared to mass tourism, the rural tourism does not prove a armful effect on the environment, and at the same time it makes a significant ontribution to the regional development. This allows using the existing esidential property and does not require significant investment costs. On the sidelines of the development of basic rural tourism services, that is, providing accommodation and meals on the basis of farm stays and other services (baking bread, fishing, dinner at the take, participating in the agricultural labor and celebrations), the rural infrastructure will be able to develop the following related means, such as distribution network stablishments, health care institutions, banking services, and others.