Економіко-математичне моделювання при інтенсивному землекористуванні

Abstract

У статті розкрито значення земельних ресурсів для розвитку суспільства, його продуктивних сил. Досліджено основні тенденції використання, відтворення та охорони земель сільськогосподарського призначення в Україні. Визначено основні проблеми землекористування. Обґрунтовується управлінський інструментарій забезпечення раціонального землекористування. Розглянуто методологічні засади оптимізації структури посівних площ. Розроблена економіко-математична модель оптимізації раціонального використання земельних ресурсів для типових сільськогосподарських підприємств.

Introduction. The problem of the rational land use has been the subject for study, research and scientific debate for a long time. The restructuring of the economy’s agrarian sector has enabled the increase in the number of land users, rise in land use level and enlargement of production volume. But the degree of farm land utilization at many enterprises is now at quite a low level which obliges both theoreticians and practical workers to speed up the study of the factors which direct toward the way out of the given situation. The circumstances of the ecological and energy character combined with the state of the market require the rise in the dynamics of crop rotations, contraction of their specialization and substantial capital investments in land resources. Results. Under the conditions of the globalization of agrarian markets and high-commodity production, the processes of capital concentration and foreign investment attraction have started in Ukraine’s farming. But investors do not always observe the scientifically grounded standards of economic activity management and, as a result, the substantial negative effect on the environment is produced. The current characteristic trends are the extensive method of farming, increase in cultivated lands, inobservance of crop rotations, application of insufficient quantity of mineral fertilizers and failure to carry out environmental protection measures. The tendency towards the extensive expansion of the lands used in farming, first of all as arable land, is now typical. Within 2005-2012 grain corn, soya and sunflower started to occupy considerable areas. A lot of marginal degraded lands were engaged in cultivation. The pressing problem is the optimization of the country’s land fund, reduction in its agricultural development and plowing up which gives the opportunity to improve the ecological state of agrolandscapes. Conclusions. In agriculture with intensive production tend to have to deal with complex system , hence the need to consider organic links between industries and the available resources, the main of which is land . Only in complex analysis may be obtained adequate results that fully characterize the studied system.The mathematical model of optimization of land use intensification in production for typical farm adaptive not only by increasing the adequacy of the description of existing structural and functional features of , the economic feasibility of the proposed management decisions, but also the possibilities of taking into account environmental and social factors.