Витоки і становлення української політичної еліти (ІХ – середина ХVІІ ст.): історичний дискурс

Abstract

У дисертації, з урахуванням надбань вітчизняної та зарубіжної історіографії, на широкій і репрезентативній джерельній базі викладено результати дослідження витоків і розвитку української політичної еліти протягом ІХ – першої половини ХVІІ ст. Здійснено спробу комплексного узагальнюючого аналізу еволюції вітчизняної політичної еліти і пов’язаних з нею трансформацій структури, функцій і обсягу влади в умовах середньовічної монархії, домінування польської і литовської правлячої еліти, відродження у добу Козацтва. Відтворено методи підготовки політичної еліти, способи її легітимізації, шляхи взаємопроникнення і зміни елітних груп. Сформульовано низку теоретичних положень та висновків, які дозволяють простежити витоки політичної еліти, безперервність її подальшого розвитку, тяглість завдань, спадкоємність функцій і ознак протягом досліджуваного періоду.

В диссертации, с учетом достижений отечественной и зарубежной историографии, на широкой и репрезентативной источниковой базе изложены результаты исследования истоков и развития украинской политической элиты в течение IХ ‒ первой половины XVII века. Предпринята попытка комплексного обобщающего анализа эволюции отечественной политической элиты и связанных с нею трансформаций структуры, функций и объема власти в условиях средневековой монархии, доминирования польской и литовской правящей элиты, возрождения в период Казачества. Воспроизведены методы подготовки политической элиты, способы ее легитимизации, пути взаимопроникновения и смены элитных групп. Сформулирован ряд теоретических положений и выводов, которые позволяют проследить истоки возникновения политической элиты, непрерывность дальнейшего развития, схожесть задач, преемственность функций и признаков в течение исследуемого периода.

Taking into consideration the heritage of national and foreign historiography, the dissertation on the broad and representative source base shows the results of investigation of the origins and development of the Ukrainian political elite during the IX – the first half of the XVIIth century. It was tried to make a complex resumptive analysis of the evolution of national political elite and relative transformations of the structure, functions and extent of power in the conditions of medieval monarchy. The influence of the city on the formation and development of the state elite. Also the domination of Polish and Lithuanian ruling elite, revival in the Cossacks epoch are analysed. The methods of political elite’s training, ways of its legitimization, interpenetration and change of the elite groups are reproduced. Discovered line of confrontation between the ruling and not ruling Ukrainian political elite and historical significance of this process. The role of older “armed force” (the boyars) as the component of elite political (military-economical and administrative elite of the state) in the process of its functions and tasks increasing is revealed. The role of princely-magnat leadership of the political elite on the Ukrainian lands is clarified. The possible reasons of princely elite layer extinction in the XVIIth century are suggested. The content and reasons of transformation of the Ukrainian princely-boyar elite layer in Lithuanian- Polish period are exposed. A special accent is made on the reasons of creation of nobility as the only political elite layer of the federative state, the stages of its realization are shown, also the effectiveness of embodiment on the Ukrainian direction is analysed; the transformation of the Ukrainian gentry elite in the Lithuanian-Polish period of national history is investigated, its structure, functions and power extent are revealed. After analyzing the model change of political elites in different periods, found that the hierarchical structure of the conservative political elite and the society of the Middle Ages and early modern times, built on the dogmatic Christian principles in politics and everyday life, as well as joint economic model significantly complicated the process of social convergence sectors, slowing down the natural process of change of elites. In the dissertation the deep reasons of Cossacks origin are analysed, the stages of conceptual and political formation of the Cossack rating elite are traced; the dynamics of formation of the Cossack rating elite in the XVIth century is investigated. Also its further ideological and organizational evolution in the XVIIth century on the stage of the Cossack state formation is researched. The content and character of the first steps to statehood made by the rating political elite in the 1st half of the XVIIth century are explicated. It is found that the national political elite to the ruling was investigated stages, depending on the specific historical and political conditions changed only the amount of power if the stage of state and political elite Middle Ages were in the full sense of the ruling, the Lithuanian-Polish period of history management functions for the princely-aristocratic elite were severely limited central administration of other states, and the amount of power been marked legislatively controlled territories. Although the Ukrainian political elite involved in governance through delegates in the caste representative bodies - the Polish Sejm and Lithuanian Council of lords, its influence was offset by under Polish and Lithuanian majority, and strategic political decisions were made Royal-princely elite of these countries in their national interests. During this period the Ukrainian political elite can be described as imperious (their lands) were ruling. The prolonged political dominance of the centers of other countries deprived Ukrainian political elite primary function, which ensures the creation of the state, namely sovereignty. Hard political, ideological and religious pressures inherent in the Polish way of incorporation, forced most of Ukrainian political elite under the circumstances and adapt gradually assimilate finding legal political struggle by their place in the foreign political systems. It is proved that after the formation of Cossack environment officer elite and elite formation Ukrainian Cossack republic's political elite has reclaimed the ruling political, administrative and economic functions controlled in Ukraine. Separately in each section carried the idea of the inextricable link Princely political elite, Lithuanian-Polish and Cossack time the parameters of legitimacy, their leading role in the eyes of the people because of the efforts of an elite strata to preserve national identity, sustainable traditions of the past. Combines different generation Ukrainian political elite common policy objectives: consolidation in Europe and the East, fighting the same enemies - Steppe and Poland, the general emphasis on the idea of national unity. During the study period in all generations of the political elite remained common features. First military nature of the political elite led military-political system of governance. Characteristic were deep cooperation with the Church, integration in the pan-European events, feudal in nature, caused by agrarian model economy. It is shown that during the period studied Ukrainian political elite retain legitimacy in the eyes of neighboring countries. Even during the absence of state the end XVI - the first half of the seventeenth century. Europe, Crimea, Turkey, Moscow recognized its power and influence on Ukrainian territory, thus prefer to deal with Cossack Ukraine directly, bypassing the official Warsaw. The dissertation is based on the cross-disciplinary and inter-branch approach for the fullest analysis of rounds and formation of the political elite with the attraction of the theoretical potential and methods in politology, sociology, culturology and social philosophy etc. The chain of theoretical statements and conclusions is formulated, and it gives the opportunity to follow the effluence of political elite, the continuity of its further development, seriousness of the tasks, succession of functions and characteristics during the investigated period.