Оцінка медоносних ресурсів лісових екосистем на основі їх типології

Abstract

За умовами місця зростання рослин (субори, сугруди) характеризуються лісові насадження на місцевості. Свіжий дубово-сосновий субір (В2ДС), вологий дубово-сосновий субір (В3ДС) та сирий вільховий сугруд (С4Влч) – найбільш поширені типи лісів. Частота поширення насаджень, що зустрічаються – 40,9, 32,5 та 10,8%. Визначено 20 видів домінуючих рослин та їх асоціацій, які є індикаторами умов місцезростання і типів лісу та формують основний та підтримуючий взяток бджолосімей. Визначено медопродуктивність досліджених типів лісу, в розрізі їх індикаторів та біологічний і фактичний запас меду.

По условиям места произрастания растений (суборы, сугруды) характеризуются лесные насаждения на местности. Свежий дубово-сосновый субор (В2ДС), влажный дубово-сосновый субор (В3ДС) и сырой ольховый сугруд (С4Влч) – наиболее распространенные типы лесов. Частота распространения насаждений, встречаются – 40,9, 32,5 и 10,8%. Определены 20 видов доминирующих растений и их ассоциаций, которые являются индикаторами условий произрастания и типов леса, а также формируют основной и поддерживающий взяток пчелосемей. Определена медопродуктивность исследованных типов леса в разрезе их индикаторов. Вычислен биологический и фактический запас меда.

Zhytomyr Polissia belongs to the region with a high forest cover (35%), where forest beekeeping is traditionally developed. The beekeeping development is associated with the peculiarities of the forage base of the region and namely with the quantity of honey stock of the area and species composition of melliferous plants. Their maximum use is ultimately reflected in the productivity of bee families. It is important to pre-evaluate the region in the honey-bearing way for the proper organization and use of melliferous beekeeping base. Unfortunately, sufficiently accurate methods for the objective detection of melliferous resources of the corresponding territory have not been developed yet. This is due to a variety of factors that influences the growth, development and nectar bearing productivity of melliferous plants and the possibility of their use by bees. Forests have particular complexity, both in studying and using, according to beekeeping. In this regard, the study of the forage base and biological pecularities of forest melliferous plants has a certain scientific and practical interest. The essential part of the forest ecosystem is a high-quality and productive honey flow. They allow bees to use the pollen, nectar and honeydew flow successfully. However, not every forest is rich in melliferous plants. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to assess the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the melliferous resources of the forest ecosystem on the basis of its typological structure. The results of the research showed that the forest plantations in the area of apitation are characterized by the following conditions of location: fresh and wet subir; dry, fresh and wet bir; aswell as wet and moist sudibrova. The most common types of forests within the investigated region are the fresh oak-pine subir (B2AS) with an area of 244.5 ha, the wet oak-pine subir (B3DS) and also the raw alder sudibrova (C4Vlch), which area was 207.7 and 42.2 ha, respectively. The area of other types of forest varies from 2.3 to 36.9 ha. In the conditions of the fresh oak subir, the indigenous wood species is a common pine, which forms the first tier and grows in the first class of bonitet. A silver birch and sometimes an aspen are found next to the pine. Such secondary species as an oak, a hornbeam and a birch grow in the second tier. An underbrush is poorly expressed, there is a crust of an alder buckthorn, a mountain ash and a Russian broom. The herbage cover is quite varied: cranberries, strawberries, blueberries, common heather, lily of the valley, and others. As a part of the study of melliferous resources, 20 species of forestry plants, which mostly form the main and supporting honey flow have been determined. Their melliferous capacity varied widely from 13 to 800 kg from 1 ha. The total area of forest melliferous plants is 1,063 ha. The biological stock of melliferous resources within a radius of productive flying of bees is 135,919 kg, and actual – 67,960 kg. This honey reserve of the area is enough to hold up to 522 bee families.