Методи контролю в процесі занять фізичними вправами

Abstract

Констатовано, що однією з важливих ланок управління діяльністю в галузі фізичної культури та спорту є система комплексного контролю, яка дає змогу оцінювати підготовленість організму на всіх етапах процесу фізичного виховання. Зазначено про важливість упровадження в практику діяльності фахівців фізичної культури та спорту комплексного контролю, який передбачає використання як педагогічного, так і медико-біологічного контролю. Описано низку тестів, що запропоновано використовувати в процесі занять фізичними вправами зі студентами для оцінки морфо-функціональних показників підготовленості організму.

Констатировано, что одним из важных звеньев управления деятельностью в отрасли физической культуры и спорта является система комплексного контроля, которая позволяет оценивать подготовленность организма на всех этапах физического воспитания. Указано о внедрении в практику деятельности специалистов физической культуры и спорта комплексного контроля, который предусматривает использование как педагогического, так и медико-биологического контроля. Описан ряд тестов, которые предложено использовать в процессе занятий физическими упражнениями со студентами для оценки морфо-функциональных показателей подготовленности организма.

Since ancient times people wanted to know who is the most skillful, the most resistant and the strongest. This desire led to the appearance of new kinds of sports and organization of different competitions including power competitions. To go in for any kind of sport one must know methods of control of the condition of the organism both on the part of the teacher and during informal studying. This is an important task for training the experts in physical education and sports. There are often a lot of arguments about the thought of negative impact of load exercises and real methodologies of using such exercises during general physical training in different kinds of sports, particularly in volleyball for power development. Negative load exercises impact includes: negative influence on the response rate, changing muscles into fat as soon as the person stops training, negative influence on the joints and human height. One of important branches of operational management in the sphere of physical education and sports is the system of complex control which gives the opportunity to assess the readiness of the organism at all stages of educational process, the correctness of the chosen direction of training, the level and the dynamics of the training. The basic methods of pedagogical control comprise pedagogical observations and control standards (tests). Control checks of the level of motor readiness must be carried twice a year and the results must be recorded in the registry book. Medical methods of control are directed at defining the health state, level of physical development, physiological age and level of functional readiness of the organism. During training students-sportsmen progress, current or operative kinds of control are used. Progress control attempts to show the change in the state of training of the students-sportsmen during the long period of training and to compare the initial indices of motor, technical and functional readiness with the same at the end of the year. Current control characterizes the training effect of separate classes and monitors functional changes of the organism and its response to typical load (heart rate in every 7–10 days). Operative control shows the effectiveness of one training class by the indices of heart rate, by physical signs (the color of the skin, respiratory rhythm etc.), by subjective feelings (well-being, desire to train, sustain of training, activeness at classes, mood).